Burger J, Gochfeld M
Department of Biological Sciences, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.
Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1995 Apr;50(4):607-12. doi: 10.1016/0091-3057(94)00350-5.
Organisms in marine environments are exposed to chromium and manganese, yet little is known of the effects of these metals on physiology and behavior. In this article we examine the effects of chromium and manganese on early neurobehavioral development in herring gulls, Larus argentatus. Each of 36 2-day-old herring gull chicks was randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups to receive either chromium nitrate (25 mg/kg), manganese acetate (50 mg/kg), or a control dose of sterile saline solution. The trios were not siblings, but were matched by age and weight. Behavioral tests examined food-begging, balance, locomotion, righting response, recognition, thermoregulation, and perception. There were significant differences in begging behavior by 5 days postinjection, and there were significant differences in weight gain throughout development until 50 days of age, when the experiment was terminated. Behavioral tests, administered from 18-48 days postinjection, indicated significant differences between control and the exposed groups for time to right themselves; thermoregulation behavior; and performance on a balance beam, inclined plane, actual cliff, and visual cliff (although not all components varied significantly). Of the 14 behavioral measures with significant differences, control birds performed best on 12.
海洋环境中的生物会接触到铬和锰，但对于这些金属对生理和行为的影响却知之甚少。在本文中，我们研究了铬和锰对银鸥（Larus argentatus）早期神经行为发育的影响。36只2日龄的银鸥雏鸟被随机分配到三个处理组之一，分别接受硝酸铬（25毫克/千克）、醋酸锰（50毫克/千克）或对照剂量的无菌盐溶液。这些雏鸟并非兄弟姐妹，但按年龄和体重进行了匹配。行为测试考察了乞食、平衡、运动、翻正反应、识别、体温调节和感知能力。注射后5天，乞食行为出现显著差异，在整个发育过程直至实验终止的50日龄时，体重增加也存在显著差异。注射后18至48天进行的行为测试表明，对照组与暴露组在自行翻正的时间、体温调节行为以及在平衡木、倾斜平面、实际悬崖和视崖上的表现（尽管并非所有指标都有显著差异）方面存在显著差异。在14项有显著差异的行为指标中，对照组鸟类在12项指标上表现最佳。
