Villanueva Ballester V, Castelló Mateu C
Dirección General de Salud Pública, Consejería de Sanidad y Consumo, Generalidad Valenciana.
Rev Sanid Hig Publica (Madr). 1994 Sep-Dec;68(5-6):597-605.
The poor development of systems of occupational surveillance in Spain is an important obstacle for implementing effective occupational health programmes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the utility and feasibility of an occupational health surveillance system in a Health Area, using the available public sanitary resources, between 1991 and 1993.
The surveillance system is based on the identification of Sentinel Health Events (Rutstein and cols.) from registers or by notification, obtaining additional information through the procedure of interview. Distribution of cases by condition, level of response to the interviews, and distribution of cases according to its source of information are analysed. The evaluation is made on the following criteria: required elements, utility, representativeness, choice between sensibility and specificity, and limitations.
314 sentinel health events were identified, from which, in 33 cases, occupational exposure to causal agents was confirmed. The occupational diseases notified from compensation systems were 31. 3 cases of interstitial pneumonia were identified, that allowed the detection of an outbreak in textile workers.
The implementation of systems of occupational surveillance, in the actual spanish sanitary context, should take into account the following aspects: organizational flexibility, efficiency, and orientation towards intervention.
西班牙职业监测系统发展不完善是实施有效的职业健康计划的一个重要障碍。本研究的目的是评估1991年至1993年期间在一个卫生区域利用现有的公共卫生资源建立职业健康监测系统的实用性和可行性。
该监测系统基于通过登记或报告识别哨点健康事件（鲁特斯坦等人），并通过访谈程序获取额外信息。分析了按疾病分类的病例分布、对访谈的回应水平以及根据信息来源的病例分布。根据以下标准进行评估：所需要素、实用性、代表性、敏感性和特异性之间的选择以及局限性。
共识别出314起哨点健康事件，其中33例确认存在职业接触致病因子。从赔偿系统通报的职业病有31例。识别出3例间质性肺炎病例，从而发现了纺织工人中的一次疫情。
在西班牙当前的卫生背景下实施职业监测系统时，应考虑以下几个方面：组织灵活性、效率以及干预导向。
