Martínez H, González-Cossío T, Flores M, Rivera-Dommarco J, Lezana M A, Sepúlveda-Amor J
Centro de Investigaciones en Salud Pública, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), México.
Salud Publica Mex. 1995 Mar-Apr;37(2):108-19.
Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent forms of malnutrition which is clinically known as anemia. Functional consequences of anemia include impairment of cardiovascular performance, limitation in productivity, higher incidence of low birth weight and premature delivery, and increased maternal mortality. This paper presents a descriptive analysis of anemia in women of reproductive age in Mexico. Data were collected by the Ministry of Health through a National Nutrition Survey in 1988, which draw a representative sample from four regions: North, Center, South and Federal District. Anemia was more prevalent in pregnant (18.17%) than in non-pregnant women (15.38%). Those women living in predominantly indigenous communities had higher prevalence of anemia (24.02%) than non-indigenous women (14.67%). Anemia was more prevalent in urban areas (15.54%) than in rural (13.56%). Mean +/- standard deviation values for hemoglobin were lower in pregnant women (12.5 +/- 1.6 g/dL) than in non-pregnant ones (13.7 +/- 1.6 g/dL). Consistently, the Northern and Southern regions were worse off than the Center and the Federal District. These data indicate that anemia is a public health problem in Mexico. The functional consequences of this deficiency justify interventions to treat and prevent it.
缺铁是最常见的营养不良形式之一，临床上称为贫血。贫血的功能性后果包括心血管功能受损、生产力受限、低出生体重和早产发生率较高以及孕产妇死亡率增加。本文对墨西哥育龄妇女的贫血情况进行了描述性分析。数据由卫生部通过1988年的全国营养调查收集，该调查从四个地区抽取了具有代表性的样本：北部、中部、南部和联邦区。贫血在孕妇中（18.17%）比非孕妇中（15.38%）更为普遍。那些主要生活在土著社区的妇女贫血患病率（24.02%）高于非土著妇女（14.67%）。贫血在城市地区（15.54%）比农村地区（13.56%）更为普遍。孕妇血红蛋白的平均±标准差数值（12.5±1.6 g/dL）低于非孕妇（13.7±1.6 g/dL）。同样，北部和南部地区的情况比中部和联邦区更糟。这些数据表明贫血在墨西哥是一个公共卫生问题。这种缺乏的功能性后果证明了治疗和预防干预措施的合理性。
