Stempel R R, Moulton J M, Moss A R
Department of Public Health, Florida International University, North Miami 33181, USA.
AIDS Educ Prev. 1995 Apr;7(2):116-23.
We followed 93 subjects from the San Francisco General Hospital Cohort for one year after notifying them of their HIV-1 antibody test results in order to examine self-disclosure, reactions, and concerns regarding disclosure. By one year post-notification, 92% of gay friends, 82% of primary sexual partners, 56% of new sexual partners, 46% of co-workers, 71% of physicians, 37% of dentists, 57% of psychotherapists, and 37% of family members had been told. Subjects were twice as likely to tell primary sexual partners, and more likely to self-disclose to all categories of persons (except physicians and dentists) than anticipated prior to notification. Least favorable reactions to seropositivity were from male family members and primary sexual partners, while seronegative subjects experienced unfavorable reactions only from some family members. Subjects were most concerned about health insurance (71%) and stigmatization (61%), but the latter declined (to 36%) at 12 months. Although encouraging, these findings suggest that self-disclosure should be discussed in both pre- and post-test counseling sessions.
我们对旧金山综合医院队列中的93名受试者进行了为期一年的跟踪，在告知他们HIV-1抗体检测结果后，以检查自我披露情况、相关反应以及对披露的担忧。到通知后一年时，92%的男同性恋朋友、82%的主要性伴侣、56%的新性伴侣、46%的同事、71%的医生、37%的牙医、57%的心理治疗师以及37%的家庭成员都已被告知。受试者告知主要性伴侣的可能性是两倍，并且向所有类别的人（医生和牙医除外）自我披露的可能性比通知前预期的更高。对血清阳性反应最不利的是男性家庭成员和主要性伴侣，而血清阴性的受试者仅从一些家庭成员那里经历了不利反应。受试者最担心的是医疗保险（71%）和污名化（61%），但后者在12个月时下降到了36%。尽管这些发现令人鼓舞，但表明在检测前和检测后的咨询环节都应该讨论自我披露问题。
