Battagel J M
Department of Child Dental Health, London Hospital Medical College Dental School, UK.
Eur J Orthod. 1995 Jun;17(3):215-29. doi: 10.1093/ejo/17.3.215.
This longitudinal study examines in detail the facial development of 18 untreated, male children with acceptable occlusions. The children were examined in the prepubertal period (age range 7-10 years) and again in their late teens (15-19 years of age). A tensor analysis, which permits the computation of differences in form (that is in size and shape) without specifically measuring either, was employed to describe the facial changes which occurred during this time interval. Values for the x and y co-ordinates of 16 hard and four soft tissue landmarks were determined at each stage. Customized software allowed both graphical and numerical examination of the mean changes over time between 28 triads of points, covering skeletal, dental, and soft tissue elements. The analysis confirmed previous work in describing facial change but was more sensitive than conventional cephalometry, especially where landmarks were evaluated outside the traditional sella-nasion framework.
这项纵向研究详细考察了18名未经治疗、咬合正常的男性儿童的面部发育情况。这些儿童在青春期前（年龄范围7至10岁）接受了检查，并在青少年后期（15至19岁）再次接受检查。采用张量分析来描述这一时间段内发生的面部变化，该分析允许在不具体测量大小和形状的情况下计算形态差异（即大小和形状）。在每个阶段确定了16个硬组织和4个软组织标志点的x和y坐标值。定制软件允许对28组点之间随时间的平均变化进行图形和数值检查，涵盖骨骼、牙齿和软组织元素。该分析证实了之前关于面部变化描述的研究，但比传统头影测量更敏感，特别是在传统蝶鞍-鼻根框架之外评估标志点的情况下。
