Oram N, Laing D G, Hutchinson I, Owen J, Rose G, Freeman M, Newell G
Centre for Advanced Food Research, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Richmond, Australia.
Dev Psychobiol. 1995 May;28(4):239-46. doi: 10.1002/dev.420280405.
This study investigated how color and flavor influences drink identification by children and adults. The children ranged in age from 2 to 18 years of age. Each subject tasted four drinks that differed in color and flavor. Each drink had an atypical color-flavor pairing (e.g., brown-pineapple) or a typical pairing (e.g., brown-chocolate). After tasting each drink, the subject chose which of four flavor names identified the drink. For the atypical drinks, the selection of color-associated names (e.g., chocolate for a brown drink) decreased, and the selection of flavor-associated names increased with age from the preschoolers to the adults. For the typical drinks, the selection of the correct name was greater than 80% for all ages. These results suggest that drink identification becomes more influenced by flavor as children get older because of an increase in the ability of children to focus on flavor as their perceptual-attentional skills mature.
本研究调查了颜色和风味如何影响儿童和成人对饮品的识别。儿童年龄范围为2至18岁。每位受试者品尝了四种颜色和风味各异的饮品。每种饮品都有非典型的颜色 - 风味搭配（如棕色 - 菠萝味）或典型搭配（如棕色 - 巧克力味）。品尝每种饮品后，受试者从四种风味名称中选择能识别该饮品的名称。对于非典型饮品，与颜色相关名称的选择（如棕色饮品选巧克力味）随着年龄增长而减少，从学龄前儿童到成年人，与风味相关名称的选择增加。对于典型饮品，所有年龄段对正确名称的选择都超过80%。这些结果表明，随着儿童年龄增长，饮品识别受风味的影响更大，这是因为随着儿童感知 - 注意力技能的成熟，他们专注于风味的能力有所增强。
