Nicholson M E, Andre J T, Tyrrell R A, Wang M, Leibowitz H W
Department of Health Education, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1995 May;56(3):261-6. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1995.56.261.
Contrast sensitivity involves distinguishing threshold luminance differences and is usually assessed using static sine-wave gratings over a range of different spatial frequencies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of various levels of acute alcohol intoxication on contrast sensitivity to stationary and moving sine-wave gratings. Moving gratings required the subjects to make pursuit eye movements. A secondary goal was to investigate whether any alcohol-related effects were associated with any measures of intoxication.
Male volunteers (N = 8) participated in three counterbalanced, double-blind, testing sessions (low alcohol, moderate alcohol and placebo) plus a control session with no beverage. Breath alcohol concentration and two subjective measures of intoxication were measured for each subject. Static and dynamic contrast sensitivity were determined for electronically generated sine-wave gratings that were either stationary or traveled in a circular path with a diameter of 9 cm (3.7 degrees) at 51.7 rpm, thus requiring the subject to make smooth pursuit eye movements.
The mean blood alcohol concentration measured in the moderate alcohol condition was 0.043% and in the low alcohol condition 0.011%. Moderate dose alcohol consumption significantly impaired both static and dynamic contrast with a greater effect for moving targets.
Objective and subjective measures of intoxication were unrelated to the alcohol-related losses in contrast sensitivity. Although most states currently prohibit driving with BACs of 0.08-0.10%, the present data indicate reliable visual impairment at approximately half of that level (.44%).
对比敏感度涉及辨别阈值亮度差异，通常使用一系列不同空间频率的静态正弦波光栅进行评估。本研究的目的是确定不同程度的急性酒精中毒对静止和移动正弦波光栅对比敏感度的影响。移动光栅要求受试者进行追踪眼球运动。第二个目标是调查是否有任何与酒精相关的影响与任何中毒指标有关。
男性志愿者（N = 8）参加了三个平衡、双盲测试环节（低酒精、中度酒精和安慰剂）以及一个无饮料的对照环节。测量了每个受试者的呼气酒精浓度和两种主观中毒指标。对于电子生成的正弦波光栅，分别测定其静态和动态对比敏感度，这些光栅要么静止，要么以51.7转/分钟的速度在直径为9厘米（3.7度）的圆形路径上移动，因此要求受试者进行平稳的追踪眼球运动。
中度酒精条件下测得的平均血液酒精浓度为0.043%，低酒精条件下为0.011%。中度饮酒剂量显著损害了静态和动态对比敏感度，对移动目标的影响更大。
中毒的客观和主观指标与对比敏感度中与酒精相关的损失无关。尽管目前大多数州禁止血液酒精浓度为0.08 - 0.10%时驾驶，但目前的数据表明，在该水平的大约一半（0.044%）时就会出现可靠的视觉损害。
