Mercer R T, Ferketich S L
Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
Res Nurs Health. 1995 Aug;18(4):333-43. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770180407.
In an exploratory study 136 experienced (multiparous) mothers and 166 inexperienced (primiparous) mothers were studied to determine differences in their self-reported maternal role competence, and variables predicting their competence at postpartal hospitalization, 1, 4, and 8 months following birth. The two groups did not differ in their maternal role competence over the 8 months. Inexperienced mothers' competence was higher at 4 and 8 months than at early postpartum and 1 month, indicating a developmental process in maternal role achievement, but no change was observed in experienced mothers' maternal competence. From 45% to 56% of the variance in experienced mothers' maternal competence was explained over the four test periods, and from 43% to 50% among inexperienced mothers. Self-esteem was a consistent, major predictor of maternal competence for both groups. Maternal fetal attachment, readiness for pregnancy, and pregnancy risk variables were explanatory of experienced mothers' maternal competence only. Sense of control was explanatory only of inexperienced mothers' competence at 1, 4, and 8 months.
在一项探索性研究中，对136名有经验（经产妇）的母亲和166名无经验（初产妇）的母亲进行了研究，以确定她们自我报告的母亲角色胜任力的差异，以及预测她们在产后住院期间、产后1个月、4个月和8个月时胜任力的变量。两组在8个月内的母亲角色胜任力没有差异。无经验母亲的胜任力在4个月和8个月时高于产后早期和1个月时，这表明母亲角色实现存在一个发展过程，但有经验母亲的母亲胜任力没有变化。在四个测试阶段，有经验母亲的母亲胜任力差异的45%至56%得到了解释，无经验母亲的这一比例为43%至50%。自尊是两组母亲胜任力的一个一致的主要预测因素。母亲与胎儿的依恋、怀孕准备情况和怀孕风险变量仅能解释有经验母亲的母亲胜任力。控制感仅能解释无经验母亲在1个月、4个月和8个月时的胜任力。
