Rösler H
Experientia. 1995 Jul 14;51(7):686-702. doi: 10.1007/BF01941266.
The early history of cathode rays, X-rays and a third kind of natural radiation from several minerals and atomic fission is described. In this way the fundamental concept of radioactivity, laws of decay and atomic models were developed. With artificial radioactive isotopes, new tailored radiopharmaceuticals could be introduced into metabolic research, medical diagnostics and therapy. Von Hevesy's concept of the dynamic state of body constituents led to examination of the locations and movements of labelled atoms and molecules as a function of time. That was the birth of nuclear medicine. The principles and value at the molecular level of several specific tracer studies in research and diagnostic or therapeutic use are explained. Typically, diagnostic tests with tracer agents are non-invasive and have low radiation exposure. Competing with other diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, nuclear medicine is a speciality in its own right. But there are moves to classify it as a subspecialization of other organ-oriented clinical disciplines. That is a misunderstanding of the radiologist's role and does not answer the question: What is the best way of working for the patient? New horizons in diagnostic modalities, biochemistry, immunology, imaging and the use of immunogenic therapeutic agents demand a continuous cooperation within interdisciplinary teams. That is as necessary with radiologic departments, participating in changed organizational structures, as with other clinical departments.
本文描述了阴极射线、X射线以及几种矿物质发出的第三种天然辐射和原子裂变的早期历史。通过这种方式，放射性的基本概念、衰变定律和原子模型得以发展。利用人工放射性同位素，可以将新的定制放射性药物引入代谢研究、医学诊断和治疗中。冯·赫维西关于身体成分动态状态的概念导致了对标记原子和分子的位置及运动随时间变化的研究。这就是核医学的诞生。文中解释了在研究以及诊断或治疗用途中，几种特定示踪剂研究在分子水平上的原理和价值。通常，使用示踪剂的诊断测试是非侵入性的，且辐射暴露低。与其他诊断和治疗方式竞争，核医学本身就是一门专业。但有人提议将其归类为其他以器官为导向的临床学科的亚专业。这是对放射科医生角色的误解，也没有回答这个问题：对患者来说，最佳的工作方式是什么？诊断方式、生物化学、免疫学、成像以及免疫原性治疗药物的使用等新领域需要跨学科团队持续合作。这对于参与组织结构变革的放射科以及其他临床科室来说都是必要的。
