Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding the SecA protein from spinach chloroplasts. Evidence for azide resistance of Sec-dependent protein translocation across thylakoid membranes in spinach.

Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts in higher plants harbor different pathways for the translocation of proteins. One of these routes is related to the prokaryotic Sec pathway, which mediates the secretion of particular proteins into the periplasmic space and involves the SecA protein as an essential component. We have isolated a full size cDNA of 3739 nucleotides encoding the SecA homologue from spinach. It contains an open reading frame of 1036 codons corresponding to a polypeptide with a calculated mass of 117 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence shows between 43 and 49% identity to SecA proteins from bacteria and lower algae and 62% identity to SecA of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC7942. Compared with the Escherichia coli protein, spinach SecA carries an amino-terminal extension of approximately 80 residues. In organello experiments performed with the protein made in vitro by transcription of the cDNA and cell-free translation of the resulting RNA showed that this extension comprises a transit peptide that mediates the import of the protein into the chloroplast. The processed product of approximately 107 kDa accumulates predominantly in the stroma and to a lower extent associates with the thylakoid membrane. Comparably to E. coli, in which SecA activity can be inhibited by sodium azide, thylakoid translocation of a subset of lumenal proteins is sensitive to sodium azide in pea but not in spinach chloroplasts, suggesting that the latter contain an azide-resistant SecA variant.