Thum M, Boucsein W, Kuhmann W, Ray W J
Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Germany.
Ergonomics. 1995 Jul;38(7):1342-51. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925192.
Involuntary delays in human-computer interaction, for example, system response times (SRTs) can increase stress. In the present study, 40 college-age subjects were randomly divided into an 'incentive' and a 'non-incentive' group'. Subjects performed a computer task with SRTs of 0.5, 1.5, and 4.5s. Physiological, subjective, and performance data were collected during the task. The computer task was designed to individually set difficulty level (i.e., mental strain), thus standardizing the task for all subjects. By using this procedure, changes resulting from SRT duration can be separated from the effects related to task difficulty. The results indicate that both short and long SRTs produced differential psychophysiological changes consistent with different types of stress responses. Short SRTs resulted in higher autonomic and somatic activity, increased positive self-reported emotional states but poorer performance. Long SRTs resulted in increased electrodermal activity, negative self-reported emotional states and better performance.
例如，人机交互中的非自愿延迟，即系统响应时间（SRT）会增加压力。在本研究中，40名大学年龄的受试者被随机分为“激励”组和“非激励”组。受试者执行计算机任务，系统响应时间分别为0.5秒、1.5秒和4.5秒。在任务过程中收集生理、主观和绩效数据。计算机任务旨在单独设置难度级别（即心理压力），从而使所有受试者的任务标准化。通过使用此程序，可将因系统响应时间持续时长产生的变化与任务难度相关的影响区分开来。结果表明，短和长的系统响应时间都会产生与不同类型压力反应一致的不同心理生理变化。短的系统响应时间会导致更高的自主神经和躯体活动、自我报告的积极情绪状态增加，但绩效较差。长的系统响应时间会导致皮肤电活动增加、自我报告的消极情绪状态以及更好的绩效。
