de Waard D, Jessurun M, Steyvers F J, Raggatt P T, Brookhuis K A
Traffic Research Centre VSC, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Ergonomics. 1995 Jul;38(7):1395-407. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925197.
Infrastructural changes were implemented on rural 80 km/h roads in The Netherlands in an effort to reduce speeding. The road infrastructure changes were designed to produce discomfort for the speeding driver by providing noxious auditory and haptic feedback. On experimental roads, smooth-surface road width was reduced by using blocks of gravel chippings placed along the centre line and at intervals on road edges. It was predicted that these changes would increase mental load while driving, and thereby decrease speeding. In a field experiment 28 subjects drove an instrumented vehicle over experimental and control roads. A decrease in driving speed and swerving behaviour was found on the experimental roads, and this was coupled with a decrease in heart rate variability, consistent with an increase in mental load. Roads in two different road-side environments (woodland vs. moorland) were also tested. There were differences in driver appraisal of the two environments, but no interactions were observed between these appraisals and driving performance on the experimental roads. It is concluded that the infrastructural measures have a useful role to play in road safety through a reduction in driver speeding.
荷兰对农村地区时速80公里的道路实施了基础设施改造，以努力降低车速。道路基础设施改造旨在通过提供有害的听觉和触觉反馈，让超速驾驶者感到不适。在试验道路上，通过沿中心线和道路边缘间隔放置碎石块，减少了平滑路面的宽度。据预测，这些变化会增加驾驶时的心理负担，从而降低车速。在一项实地试验中，28名受试者驾驶一辆装有仪器的车辆在试验道路和对照道路上行驶。结果发现，试验道路上的驾驶速度和转弯行为有所下降，同时心率变异性也降低了，这与心理负担增加相一致。还对两种不同路边环境（林地与荒野）的道路进行了测试。驾驶员对这两种环境的评价存在差异，但在试验道路上，这些评价与驾驶性能之间未观察到相互作用。得出的结论是，这些基础设施措施通过降低驾驶员超速，在道路安全方面发挥着有益作用。
