Roma TRE University, Department of Sciences of Civil Engineering, via Vito Volterra n. 62, 00146 Rome, Italy.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Jan;50:251-62. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.04.015. Epub 2012 May 15.
This paper reports the results of a driving simulator study which sought to analyze the effect that: (a) three roadside configurations on a two-lane rural road lined with trees have on speed and lateral position of the driver, depending on different cross-sections as well as geometric elements; (b) the beginning of the guardrail barrier has upon the driver's behavior whenever this occurs on the left curve, right curve or tangent. A two-lane rural road lined with trees was designed and implemented in an advanced-interactive driving simulator. Two different cross-sections (with and without a shoulder), which were combined with three roadside configurations (only trees, trees and barriers, trees and barriers having undergone a treatment), were tested. Six road scenarios were then analyzed. Thirty-six drivers (33 were deemed to be valid and used for the analysis) drove in the simulator using these scenarios and the speed and lateral placement values were collected. Statistical analysis showed that the driver behavior was only affected by the cross-sections and geometric elements but not by roadside configurations. Although the presence of trees along the road represents a factor that increases the severity of run-off-road accidents, drivers do not change their behavior when barriers are not present. Concerning the effects of the beginning of the barrier, MANOVA revealed a main effect for roadside configuration on lateral position but not on speed. There was also a clear tendency of drivers to "cut" both the right curves as well as the left curves in order to minimize the speed reduction in the tangent-curve-tangent transition. These main results allow useful suggestions to be made as regards safety measures for improving road safety on two-lane rural roads lined with trees.
本文报告了一项驾驶模拟器研究的结果，该研究旨在分析以下因素对驾驶员速度和横向位置的影响：(a) 三种路边配置对两条车道的乡村道路（道路两旁种有树木）的影响，这些配置取决于不同的横断面和几何元素；(b) 护栏起点对驾驶员行为的影响，无论这种影响发生在左弯道、右弯道还是直道上。一条带有树木的两条车道的乡村道路在先进的交互式驾驶模拟器中进行了设计和实施。测试了两种不同的横断面（有和没有路肩），并将它们与三种路边配置（只有树木、树木和护栏、树木和护栏经过处理）相结合。然后分析了六个道路场景。36 名驾驶员（其中 33 名被认为是有效的，并用于分析）在模拟器中使用这些场景进行了驾驶，收集了速度和横向位置值。统计分析表明，驾驶员的行为仅受到横断面和几何元素的影响，而不受路边配置的影响。尽管道路两旁的树木会增加驶出道路事故的严重程度，但如果没有护栏，驾驶员不会改变他们的行为。关于护栏起点的影响，MANOVA 显示路边配置对横向位置有主要影响，但对速度没有影响。驾驶员也明显倾向于在左右弯道都“切弯”，以最小化在直道-弯道-直道过渡中的速度降低。这些主要结果为改善带有树木的两条车道乡村道路的道路安全措施提供了有用的建议。
