van Loon F P, Holmes S J, Sirotkin B I, Williams W W, Cochi S L, Hadler S C, Lindegren M L
MMWR CDC Surveill Summ. 1995 Aug 11;44(3):1-14.
PROBLEM/CONDITION: CDC monitors the incidence of mumps in the United States through the passive reporting of cases to its National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS).
1988-1993.
Weekly reports to the NNDSS from 48 states and the District of Columbia were used to calculate incidence rates for mumps. State immunization requirements were obtained from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
After the licensure of mumps vaccine in the United States in December 1967 and the subsequent introduction of state immunization laws in an increasing number of states, the reported incidence of mumps decreased substantially. The 1,692 cases of mumps reported for 1993 represent the lowest number of cases ever reported to NNDSS and a 99% decrease from the 152,209 cases reported for 1968. During 1988-1993, most cases occurred in children 5-14 years of age (52%) and in persons > or = 15 years of age (36%). Although the incidence decreased in all age groups, the largest decreases (> 50% reduction in incidence rate per 100,000 population) occurred in persons > or = 10 years of age. Overall, the incidence of mumps was lowest in states that had comprehensive school immunization laws requiring mumps vaccination and highest in states that did not have such requirements.
Because of the extensive use of mumps vaccine and the increased number of states that had enacted mumps immunization laws, the number of reported mumps cases decreased further since the marked decline that began during the early 1970s. The earlier shift in incidence from children of school ages to older persons that was noted during 1985-1988 continued until 1992, when the proportion of cases occurring in children of school ages increased and exceeded the proportions occurring in other age groups.
All health-care providers are encouraged to a) report mumps cases to their local and state health departments for transmission to NNDSS and b) enact school immunization laws requiring mumps vaccination.
问题/状况：美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）通过被动收集病例并上报至其国家法定传染病监测系统（NNDSS）来监测美国的腮腺炎发病率。
1988 - 1993年。
来自48个州和哥伦比亚特区每周上报给NNDSS的报告用于计算腮腺炎发病率。各州的免疫要求取自美国卫生与公众服务部。
1967年12月美国腮腺炎疫苗获得许可，随后越来越多的州相继出台免疫法，此后腮腺炎的报告发病率大幅下降。1993年报告的1692例腮腺炎病例是向NNDSS报告的病例数历史最低，比1968年报告的152,209例减少了99%。在1988 - 1993年期间，大多数病例发生在5 - 14岁的儿童（52%）和15岁及以上的人群（36%）中。尽管所有年龄组的发病率都有所下降，但发病率下降幅度最大的（每10万人口发病率下降超过50%）是10岁及以上的人群。总体而言，在有要求腮腺炎疫苗接种的全面学校免疫法的州，腮腺炎发病率最低；在没有此类要求的州，发病率最高。
由于腮腺炎疫苗的广泛使用以及颁布腮腺炎免疫法的州数量增加，自20世纪70年代初开始显著下降以来，报告的腮腺炎病例数进一步减少。1985 - 1988年期间注意到的发病率较早从学龄儿童向年龄较大人群的转变一直持续到1992年，之后学龄儿童中发生的病例比例增加并超过了其他年龄组的比例。
鼓励所有医疗保健提供者：a）向当地和州卫生部门报告腮腺炎病例，以便转报给NNDSS；b）颁布要求腮腺炎疫苗接种的学校免疫法。
