[Environmental poisons and the nervous system].

The neurons are extremely vulnerable to changes in the local chemical environment, and the nervous system has therefore been given special priority and protection compared with other organ systems. Neurotoxic syndromes may occur when these biochemical conditions are disturbed. The brain is particularly vulnerable to hypoxia, and exposure to toxins that interfere with the intake, transport and utilization of oxygen provoke rapid and major neuronal damage. Compounds crossing the blood-brain barrier may induce both general and extremely localized neurotoxic effects. Today, dramatic and acute neurotoxic manifestations seldom occur in our part of the world. The focus of attention is now directed at the consequences of long-term and low-level exposure. This review presents a general description of some neurotoxic mechanisms, and the clinical effects of a few hazardous substances, ie metals, pesticides, organic solvents.