Polymorphism in the upstream regulatory region of DQA1 gene in the Italian population.

Polymorphism in the 5'-upstream regulatory region of the DQA1 gene has been recently described. Using PCR-SSO method and SSCP analysis we have investigated this polymorphism in a group of 111 Italian blood donors which had been oligotyped for DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 genes. Eight allelic variants were detected. Looking at the relationships among QAP sequences and DQA1 and DRB1 genes, three alternative situations were found: 1. a one-to-one relation between QAP and DQA1 alleles, independently of the other class II genes; 2. the same QAP allele in association with different DQA1-DRB1 haplotypes; 3. the same DQA1 allele with different QAP sequences according to the DRB1 specificity. No unexpected associations with DQB1 gene were found. These results must be interpreted considering that DQA1 and DRB1 genes are transcribed in opposite directions so that the promoter region of DQA1 gene lies between DQA1 and DRB1, close to the former but several hundreds kb away from the latter.