Lehrl S, Triebig G, Fischer B
Department of Medical Psychology and Psychopathometry, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany.
Acta Neurol Scand. 1995 May;91(5):335-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1995.tb07018.x.
The discrepancy between current and premorbid ability is a relevant indicator of acquired mental impairment, which itself is closely related to general cerebral dysfunction. The use of tests sensitive to cerebral dysfunction, raises relatively few problems compared with tests being resistant that are used to estimate premorbid mental ability. For premorbid ability, verbal tests assessing knowledge, especially vocabulary, have been shown to be valid. A test, possibly more insensitive to brain dysfunction than the ones usually administered, is the multiple choice vocabulary test (MWT = Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Test). At present only German versions are available. They are presented in some detail because of their advantages. Construction of the MWT is simple, and it can be easily administered in about five minutes. The results correlate fairly well with global IQ in healthy adults (median of r = 0.72 in 22 samples) and are more insensitive to current disturbances than such tests as the WAIS vocabulary test. The limitations of premorbid tests with respect to diagnostic validity are discussed. It is concluded, that studies which do not control premorbid intelligence have to be considered as a "malpractice" and should not be accepted by scientists.
当前能力与病前能力之间的差异是获得性精神障碍的一个相关指标，而获得性精神障碍本身与大脑整体功能障碍密切相关。与用于评估病前心理能力的抗大脑功能障碍测试相比，使用对大脑功能障碍敏感的测试所产生的问题相对较少。对于病前能力，评估知识尤其是词汇量的语言测试已被证明是有效的。多项选择词汇测试（MWT = Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Test）可能比通常使用的测试对大脑功能障碍更不敏感。目前只有德语版本。由于其优点，将对它们进行详细介绍。MWT的结构简单，大约五分钟就能轻松完成测试。在健康成年人中，其结果与总体智商的相关性相当好（22个样本的中位数r = 0.72），并且比韦氏成人智力量表词汇测试等测试对当前干扰更不敏感。文中讨论了病前测试在诊断有效性方面的局限性。得出的结论是，不控制病前智力的研究应被视为“不当行为”，科学家不应接受此类研究。
