Smith S, Faust M, Beeman M, Kennedy L, Perry D
Wheeler Cognitive Neuropsychology Laboratory, Good Samaritan Hospital and Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Brain Lang. 1995 Jun;49(3):263-79. doi: 10.1006/brln.1995.1033.
In order to assess the hypotheses that Alzheimer's disease (AD) results in a property level restructuring, loss, or degradation of lexical-semantic knowledge, Alzheimer's patients and normal elderly subjects were presented with a property verification task in which they were asked to judge the truth value of telegraphic statements which paired objects with their properties (e.g., "Apple is red."). Objects with either high- or low-typical exemplars of categories (e.g., "oak" is a high typical exemplar of the category "tree." while "palm" is a less typical item). Properties were varied with respect to normatively determined dominance (e.g, "fins" is a high dominant property of "trout," while "slimy" is a less dominant property) and whether they were distinctive (i.e., served to distinguish between subsets of exemplars within a category) or shared among most or all category members (e.g., "stem" for the category "fruit"). Analyses of accuracy and reaction time data suggested that AD results in neither a loss per se of representation of properties, nor a reorganization of relations between objects' properties. However, results were consistent with a property level degradation of AD patients' object concepts. While there was no evidence for a differential degradation of distinctive vs shared properties, results suggested that AD patients have degraded representations of lower dominant properties and properties of low-typical category exemplars.
为了评估阿尔茨海默病（AD）是否会导致词汇语义知识在属性层面的重组、缺失或退化，研究人员让阿尔茨海默病患者和正常老年受试者完成一项属性验证任务，要求他们判断将物体与其属性配对的简略陈述的真值（例如，“苹果是红色的”）。类别中的典型示例有高有低（例如，“橡树”是“树”类别的高典型示例，而“棕榈树”则是不太典型的例子）。属性在规范性确定的主导性方面存在差异（例如，“鳍”是“鳟鱼”的高主导属性，而“黏滑的”则是不太主导的属性），以及它们是否具有独特性（即用于区分类别内示例的子集）或在大多数或所有类别成员中共享（例如，“茎”是“水果”类别的属性）。对准确性和反应时间数据的分析表明，AD既不会导致属性表征本身的缺失，也不会导致物体属性之间关系的重组。然而，结果与AD患者物体概念在属性层面的退化是一致的。虽然没有证据表明独特属性与共享属性存在差异退化，但结果表明AD患者对低主导属性和低典型类别示例的属性表征有所退化。
