Martell D A, Rosner R, Harmon R B
UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute, USA.
Psychiatr Serv. 1995 Jun;46(6):596-601. doi: 10.1176/ps.46.6.596.
The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of homelessness among mentally disordered offenders entering the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems, to compare base rates of arrest for violent and nonviolent criminal charges among homeless and domiciled persons with mental illness, and to examine patterns in the categories of victims chosen by these two groups.
The authors analyzed data from structured psychiatric interviews and criminal and psychiatric records of 77 homeless defendants and 107 domiciled defendants referred for psychiatric examination by the criminal and supreme courts in Manhattan over a six-month period.
Mentally disordered defendants had 40 times the rate of homelessness found in the general population, and 21 times the rate in the population of mentally ill persons in the city. The overall rate of criminal offenses was 35 times higher in the homeless mentally ill population than in the domiciled mentally ill population. The rate of violent crimes was 40 times higher and the rate of nonviolent crimes 27 times higher in the homeless population. Homeless defendants were significantly more likely to have been charged with victimizing strangers.
Homeless mentally ill persons appear to be grossly overrepresented among mentally disordered defendants entering the criminal justice and forensic mental health systems and to have a higher base rate of arrest for both violent and nonviolent crimes than domiciled mentally ill persons.
本研究旨在估计进入刑事司法和法医精神卫生系统的精神障碍罪犯中的无家可归率，比较无家可归和有家可归的精神病患者因暴力和非暴力刑事指控被捕的基准率，并研究这两组人选择的受害者类别模式。
作者分析了来自结构化精神病访谈以及刑事和最高法院在六个月内转介进行精神病检查的77名无家可归被告和107名有家可归被告的刑事和精神病记录的数据。
精神障碍被告的无家可归率是普通人群的40倍，是该市精神病患者人群的21倍。无家可归的精神病患者的总体犯罪率比有家可归的精神病患者高35倍。无家可归人群的暴力犯罪率高40倍，非暴力犯罪率高27倍。无家可归的被告被指控伤害陌生人的可能性明显更高。
在进入刑事司法和法医精神卫生系统的精神障碍被告中，无家可归的精神病患者似乎严重超比例，并且与有家可归的精神病患者相比，他们因暴力和非暴力犯罪被捕的基准率更高。
