Maron B J, Gardin J M, Flack J M, Gidding S S, Kurosaki T T, Bild D E
Cardiovascular Research Division, Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, MN 55407, USA.
Circulation. 1995 Aug 15;92(4):785-9. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.92.4.785.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetically transmitted disease and an important cause of morbidity and sudden cardiac death in young people, including competitive athletes. At present, however, few data exist to estimate the prevalence of this disease in large populations.
As part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) Study, an epidemiological study of coronary risk factors, 4111 men and women 23 to 35 years of age selected from the general population of four urban centers had technically satisfactory echocardiographic studies during 1987 through 1988. Probable or definite echocardiographic evidence of HCM was present in 7 subjects (0.17%) on the basis of identification of a hypertrophied, nondilated left ventricle and maximal wall thickness > or = 15 mm that were not associated with systemic hypertension. Prevalence in men and women was 0.26:0.09%; in blacks and whites, 0.24:0.10%. Ventricular septal thickness was 15 to 21 mm (mean, 17 mm) in the 7 subjects. Only 1 of the 7 subjects had ever experienced important cardiac symptoms attributable to HCM, had previously been suspected of having cardiovascular disease, or had obstruction to left ventricular outflow; 4 other subjects had relatively mild systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve that was insufficient to produce dynamic basal outflow obstruction. ECGs were abnormal in 5 of the 7 subjects. Five other study subjects had left ventricular wall thicknesses of 15 to 21 mm that were a consequence of systemic hypertension.
HCM was present in about 2 of 1000 young adults. These unique population-based data will aid in assessments of the impact of HCM-related mortality and morbidity in the general population and the practicality of screening large populations for HCM, including those comprising competitive athletes.
肥厚型心肌病（HCM）是一种遗传性疾病，是年轻人发病和心源性猝死的重要原因，竞技运动员也包括在内。然而目前，几乎没有数据可用于估计该疾病在大规模人群中的患病率。
作为（年轻）成年人冠状动脉风险发展（CARDIA）研究（一项关于冠状动脉危险因素的流行病学研究）的一部分，从四个城市中心的普通人群中选取了4111名年龄在23至35岁之间的男性和女性，在1987年至1988年期间进行了技术上令人满意的超声心动图检查。基于识别出肥厚、非扩张的左心室以及最大壁厚≥15mm且与系统性高血压无关，7名受试者（0.17%）存在可能或确定的HCM超声心动图证据。男性和女性的患病率分别为0.26:0.09%；黑人和白人的患病率分别为0.24:0.10%。7名受试者的室间隔厚度为15至21mm（平均17mm）。7名受试者中只有1人曾经历过可归因于HCM的重要心脏症状，之前曾被怀疑患有心血管疾病，或存在左心室流出道梗阻；其他4名受试者有相对较轻的二尖瓣收缩期前向运动，不足以产生动态的基底部流出道梗阻。7名受试者中有5人的心电图异常。另外5名研究对象的左心室壁厚度为15至21mm，是系统性高血压所致。
每1000名年轻人中约有2人患有HCM。这些基于特定人群的数据将有助于评估HCM相关死亡率和发病率对普通人群的影响，以及对大规模人群（包括竞技运动员人群）进行HCM筛查的实用性。
