Chlamydia trachomatis. A trojan horse.

Chlamydia trachomatis is a prevalent and virulent pathogen in the genital tract of sexually active women. The sequelae are diverse and represent a significant source of morbidity. The Centers for Disease Control estimates 4 million new cases annually, making it the most prevalent sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Several risk factors are well-defined and the pathophysiology has become better understood, helping to improve the body of data concerning sequelae. Newer diagnostic methods, such as gene probes, ELISA, and PCR, are now available to aid in detection. Novel treatment regimens have been developed to improve eradication of the infection and compliance. There are still questions regarding this pathogen and its interaction with other lower genital tract pathogens. Improved detection, reporting and appropriate treatment can reduce the effect of Chlamydial infections on reproductive capacity.