Wong O, Raabe G K
Applied Health Sciences, Inc., San Mateo, California 94401, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1995 Apr;21(2):307-21. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1995.1044.
A large number of epidemiologic studies of workers in the petroleum industry have been conducted to investigate the carcinogenic and other health effects of exposure to petroleum products during manufacture and distribution. Of particular interest is the relationship between exposure to benzene or benzene-containing liquids in the petroleum industry and leukemia risk. However, few studies have investigated cell-type-specific leukemia risk. In the present investigation, all cohort studies of petroleum workers in the United States and the United Kingdom were combined into a single database for cell-type-specific leukemia analysis. The majority of these workers were petroleum refinery employees, but production, pipeline, and distribution workers in the petroleum industry were also included. The combined cohort consisted of 208,741 petroleum workers. Between 1937 and 1989, these workers contributed a total of 4,665,361 person-years of observation. More than 56 thousand deaths were reported among these workers during the 53 years of observation. Cell-type-specific leukemia risks were calculated using a meta-analysis procedure appropriate for combining occupational cohort studies. These risks were expressed in terms of cell-type-specific leukemia standardized mortality ratios (meta-SMRs). The meta-SMR for acute myelogenous leukemia was 0.96. The lack of an increase of acute myelogenous leukemia was attributed to the low levels of benzene exposure in the petroleum industry, particularly in comparison to benzene exposure levels in some previous studies of workers in other industries, who had been found to experience increased risk of acute myelogenous leukemia. Similarly, no increase in chronic myelogenous, acute lymphocytic, or chronic lymphocytic leukemias was found in petroleum workers (meta-SMRs of 0.89, 1.16, and 0.84, respectively). Meta-analyses restricted to refinery studies or to studies with at least 15 years of follow-up yielded similar results. The findings of the present investigation are consistent with those from several recent case-control studies.
已经开展了大量针对石油行业工人的流行病学研究，以调查在石油产品制造和分销过程中接触石油产品所产生的致癌及其他健康影响。石油行业中接触苯或含苯液体与白血病风险之间的关系尤其令人关注。然而，很少有研究调查特定细胞类型的白血病风险。在本研究中，美国和英国所有关于石油工人的队列研究被合并到一个单一数据库中，用于特定细胞类型白血病分析。这些工人大多数是炼油厂员工，但石油行业的生产、管道和分销工人也包括在内。合并后的队列包括208,741名石油工人。在1937年至1989年期间，这些工人总共贡献了4,665,361人年的观察数据。在53年的观察期内，这些工人中有超过5.6万例死亡报告。使用适合合并职业队列研究的荟萃分析程序计算特定细胞类型的白血病风险。这些风险以特定细胞类型的白血病标准化死亡比率（荟萃标准化死亡比率）表示。急性髓细胞白血病的荟萃标准化死亡比率为0.96。急性髓细胞白血病没有增加被归因于石油行业中苯的接触水平较低，特别是与之前一些其他行业工人的研究中的苯接触水平相比，那些研究发现急性髓细胞白血病风险增加。同样，在石油工人中未发现慢性髓细胞白血病、急性淋巴细胞白血病或慢性淋巴细胞白血病增加（荟萃标准化死亡比率分别为0.89、1.16和0.84）。仅限于炼油厂研究或至少有15年随访的研究的荟萃分析得出了类似结果。本研究的结果与最近几项病例对照研究的结果一致。
