Arbós Galdón J, Rovira Vila M, Llobera Cánaves J, Bonet Mulet M
Centro de salud Escola Graduada Gerencia de Atención Primaria de Mallorca, Insalud Baleares.
Rev Sanid Hig Publica (Madr). 1995 Jan-Feb;69(1):97-103.
Accidents in childhood are an important health problem, mainly in situations of social and environmental risk. Additionally, the lack of studies in primary health care, encouraged us to set up a study in order to establish the characteristics of accidents in childhood attended in a health center, their relation with the child's socio-familiar situation and medical care delivered.
We describe children's accidents occurred in our area (2,543 children 0-14 years old, 788 of them living in deprived neighbourhoods) during 1992 attended in the health center. Study data was collected from data included in emergencies and medical records of the health center. We included information on: age, sex, socio-familiar situation, accident, lesion, and health care delivered characteristics.
We include 623 accidents: annual cumulated incidence = 245/1,000 children; males were more affected (58.4%); the accidents occurred mainly in the household (35.6%); the most frequent causes were blows (39.9%) and falls (30.5%); the most frequent lesions were injuries (29.7%) and blows (25.7%). Location of the lesions were the superior limbs (33.5%) and head and neck (25.98%). About 12.5% were delivered to the hospital, 17.8% of them required inpatient care, one died. Children of deprived boroughs have a relative risk of being attended for accident in our center of 4.2 (CI 95% = 3.64-4.84) compared with the rest of the area. 79 children have had repeated accidents, they occurred mainly in only 27 families, 92.6% of whom live in deprived areas.
Our health center is attending a high frequency of children's accidents, most of them can be treated in the health center, the cases are concentrated in deprived boroughs and in risk families.
儿童期意外事故是一个重要的健康问题，在社会和环境风险状况下尤为突出。此外，初级卫生保健领域缺乏相关研究，这促使我们开展一项研究，以确定在健康中心就诊的儿童期意外事故的特征、其与儿童社会家庭状况的关系以及所提供的医疗服务。
我们描述了1992年在我们地区（2543名0至14岁儿童，其中788名生活在贫困社区）健康中心就诊的儿童意外事故。研究数据收集自健康中心急诊和病历中的数据。我们纳入了以下信息：年龄、性别、社会家庭状况、意外事故、损伤以及所提供医疗服务的特征。
我们纳入了623起意外事故：年累积发病率 = 245/1000名儿童；男性受影响更多（58.4%）；意外事故主要发生在家中（35.6%）；最常见的原因是撞击（39.9%）和跌倒（30.5%）；最常见的损伤是受伤（29.7%）和撞击伤（25.7%）。损伤部位为上肢（33.5%）和头颈部（25.98%）。约12.5%的患者被送往医院，其中17.8%需要住院治疗，1人死亡。与该地区其他地方相比，贫困社区的儿童在我们中心因意外事故就诊的相对风险为4.2（95%置信区间 = 3.64 - 4.84）。79名儿童发生过多次意外事故，这些事故主要仅发生在27个家庭中，其中92.6%的家庭生活在贫困地区。
我们的健康中心诊治儿童意外事故的频率很高，大多数事故可在健康中心得到治疗，病例集中在贫困社区和高危家庭。
