Santelli J S, Celentano D D, Rozsenich C, Crump A D, Davis M V, Polacsek M, Augustyn M, Rolf J, McAlister A L, Burwell L
Division of Adolescent and School Health, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
AIDS Educ Prev. 1995 Jun;7(3):210-20.
The AIDS Prevention for Pediatric Life Enrichment (APPLE) project is a community-based program to prevent perinatal HIV infection by preventing infection in women. One project component tested a primary prevention model developed from principles of cognitive social learning theory which used street outreach and community-targeted small media materials to increase the use of condoms. Formative research was used to explore community perceptions about HIV/AIDS and to design media materials. Program evaluation employed a two-community, time series, quasi-experimental design. Annual street surveys samples individuals in areas where they were likely to encounter outreach workers. Baseline surveys found substantial pre-programmatic behavior change. After two years considerable APPLE name recognition (40%), contact with media materials (63%), and contact with outreach workers (36%) were found and norms reflecting social acceptability of condoms were more positive among women in the intervention community. Condom use at last sexual encounter rose in both communities but was significantly higher in the intervention community. Condom use also was higher among women who reported exposure to either small media or small media plus street outreach. Other self-reported HIV-prevention behaviors did not show change in the initial period.
儿科生活充实艾滋病预防（APPLE）项目是一个基于社区的项目，旨在通过预防女性感染来防止围产期艾滋病毒感染。该项目的一个组成部分测试了一种基于认知社会学习理论原则开发的一级预防模式，该模式利用街头宣传和针对社区的小型媒体材料来增加避孕套的使用。形成性研究用于探索社区对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的看法并设计媒体材料。项目评估采用了双社区、时间序列、准实验设计。年度街头调查对可能遇到宣传人员的地区的个人进行抽样。基线调查发现项目实施前有大量行为变化。两年后，发现APPLE的知名度相当高（40%），接触媒体材料的比例（63%），以及接触宣传人员的比例（36%），而且干预社区中女性对避孕套社会可接受性的规范更为积极。两个社区最近一次性接触时的避孕套使用情况都有所上升，但干预社区的上升幅度明显更大。在报告接触过小型媒体或小型媒体加街头宣传的女性中，避孕套的使用率也更高。其他自我报告的艾滋病毒预防行为在初期没有变化。
