Summerfield D
Medical Foundation for the Care of Victims of Torture, London.
BMJ. 1995 Aug 19;311(7003):495-7. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.7003.495.
All societies attach a different range of meanings to war than to natural disasters, and questions of societal recognition, reparation, and justice are generally central. Most modern conflict has been grounded in the use of terror to control and silence whole populations. Those abusing power typically refuse to acknowledge their dead victims, as if they had never existed and were mere wraiths in the memories of those left behind. This denial, and the impunity of those who maintain it, must be challenged if survivors are to make sense of their losses and the social fabric is to mend. For the names and fate of the dead to be properly lodged in the public record of their times also illuminates the costs that may flow from the philosophies and practices of the Western led world order, ones which health workers should be in a position to influence.
与自然灾害相比,所有社会赋予战争的意义范畴都有所不同,而社会认可、赔偿和正义问题通常是核心所在。大多数现代冲突都基于利用恐怖手段来控制全体民众并使其噤声。滥用权力者通常拒绝承认他们的死难受害者,仿佛这些受害者从未存在过,只是留在生者记忆中的幽灵。如果幸存者想要理解他们的损失,社会结构想要修复,这种否认以及维持否认的有罪不罚现象就必须受到挑战。让死者的名字和命运妥善载入其所处时代的公共记录,也能揭示西方主导的世界秩序的理念和实践可能带来的代价,而卫生工作者应当能够对这些代价施加影响。