Bradberry S M, Vale J A
National Poisons Information Service, City Hospital NHS Trust, Birmingham, United kingdom.
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1995;33(5):407-16. doi: 10.3109/15563659509013749.
Although many studies in animals and volunteers have demonstrated that multiple-dose activated charcoal increases drug elimination significantly, this therapy has not been shown in a controlled study in poisoned patients to reduce morbidity and mortality. Further clinical studies are required to establish its role and the optimum dosage regimen of charcoal to be administered. Based on current evidence, multiple-dose activated charcoal should only be considered if a patient has ingested a life-threatening amount of phenobarbital (phenobarbitone), carbamazepine, theophylline, quinine, dapsone or salicylate. In all of these cases there are data to confirm enhanced elimination, though no controlled studies have demonstrated clinical benefit.
尽管多项针对动物和志愿者的研究表明，多次服用活性炭可显著提高药物清除率，但在中毒患者的对照研究中，尚未证实这种疗法能降低发病率和死亡率。需要进一步开展临床研究，以确定其作用以及活性炭的最佳给药剂量方案。根据目前的证据，仅当患者摄入危及生命剂量的苯巴比妥（鲁米那）、卡马西平、茶碱、奎宁、氨苯砜或水杨酸盐时，才应考虑使用多次服用活性炭的方法。在所有这些情况下，均有数据证实清除率有所提高，尽管尚无对照研究表明其具有临床益处。
