Parrott A C, Craig D
Department of Psychology, University of East London, Great Britain.
Addict Behav. 1995 May-Jun;20(3):271-8. doi: 10.1016/0306-4603(94)00068-a.
All 43 participants in a smoking cessation study complete Russell's (1974) Smoking Motivation Questionnaire (SMQ) before quitting, and an equivalent Nicotine gum Questionnaire (NGQ) during cessation. The profiles of SMQ and NGQ scores were very similar, showing that nicotine gum served a range of psychological functions similar to that provided by cigarettes: stress modulation, feelings of arousal and pleasure, hand/mouth activity, and nicotine dependency. Gum scores were, however, around 45% of cigarette values, as would be expected from its lower nicotine dose. Failed quitters (less than 2 weeks abstinence, N = 15), short-term quitters (3-12 weeks abstinence, N = 14), and successful quitters (+13 weeks abstinence: N = 14), did not differ on any SMQ subscale. However, they did differ significantly on the NGQ habit subscale. Thus the development of a regular gum-chewing habit during the first week of cessation was associated with eventual success in quitting. Sex differences were also apparent, with females reporting higher sedative, stimulant, and hand/mouth activity gum-questionnaire scores than males. These findings provide evidence for the construct and content validity of the NGQ, but further studies into its criterion validity and test-retest reliability are required.
一项戒烟研究中的所有43名参与者在戒烟前完成了拉塞尔（1974年）的吸烟动机问卷（SMQ），并在戒烟期间完成了一份等效的尼古丁口香糖问卷（NGQ）。SMQ和NGQ分数的分布非常相似，表明尼古丁口香糖起到了一系列与香烟类似的心理作用：调节压力、唤起兴奋感和愉悦感、手/口活动以及尼古丁依赖。然而，正如预期的那样，由于其尼古丁剂量较低，口香糖的分数约为香烟分数的45%。未成功戒烟者（戒烟时间少于2周，N = 15）、短期戒烟者（戒烟3 - 12周，N = 14）和成功戒烟者（戒烟13周及以上：N = 14）在任何SMQ子量表上均无差异。然而，他们在NGQ习惯子量表上存在显著差异。因此，在戒烟第一周养成定期嚼口香糖的习惯与最终戒烟成功相关。性别差异也很明显，女性在镇静、刺激和手/口活动口香糖问卷上的得分高于男性。这些发现为NGQ的结构效度和内容效度提供了证据，但还需要进一步研究其效标效度和重测信度。
