Odens M L, Fox C H
University of Minnesota Family Practice Rural Residency Program Waseca, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 1995 Sep 1;52(3):859-66, 871-2.
Persons with sleep apnea syndromes experience 10 or more episodes per hour of sleep during which airflow ceases for more than 10 seconds. Sleep apnea syndromes are classified as obstructive, central or mixed: obstructive when the respiratory muscles continue to contract but airflow is not obtained, central when respiratory effort is not present, and mixed when elements of both obstructive and central apnea are present. Approximately 4 percent of adult men and 2 percent of adult women are believed to have these conditions. In addition to having symptoms such as snoring, headaches, depression, decreased libido and fatigue, patients with sleep apnea are at risk for a range of severe complications secondary to recurrent hypoxia and hypercapnia during sleep. Diagnosis may require an overnight polysomnogram in addition to the history, a physical examination and a laboratory assessment. Less cumbersome diagnostic modalities are being developed. Treatment options include weight reduction, change in sleeping position, avoidance of sedatives, use of continuous positive airway pressure and surgical treatment.
患有睡眠呼吸暂停综合征的人每小时睡眠中会出现10次或更多次气流停止超过10秒的情况。睡眠呼吸暂停综合征分为阻塞性、中枢性或混合性：呼吸肌持续收缩但气流未获得时为阻塞性，呼吸努力不存在时为中枢性，同时存在阻塞性和中枢性呼吸暂停因素时为混合性。据信约4%的成年男性和2%的成年女性患有这些病症。除了打鼾、头痛、抑郁、性欲减退和疲劳等症状外，睡眠呼吸暂停患者还面临一系列因睡眠期间反复缺氧和高碳酸血症而引发的严重并发症的风险。除病史、体格检查和实验室评估外，诊断可能还需要进行一夜的多导睡眠图检查。目前正在开发不太繁琐的诊断方法。治疗选择包括减肥、改变睡眠姿势、避免使用镇静剂、使用持续气道正压通气以及手术治疗。
