Ewart H S, Klip A
Division of Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Physiol. 1995 Aug;269(2 Pt 1):C295-311. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1995.269.2.C295.
The sodium-potassium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase (Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase; Na(+)-K+ pump) is a ubiquitous plasma membrane enzyme that catalyzes the movement of K+ into cells in exchange for Na+. In addition, it provides the driving force for the transport of other solutes, notably amino acids, sugar, and phosphate. The regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in various tissues is under the control of a number of circulating hormones that impart both short- and long-term control over its activity. The molecular mechanisms by which hormones alter Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity have only begun to be studied. In this review, we assess the acute and long-term actions of a number of hormones (aldosterone, thyroid hormone, catecholamines, insulin, carbachol) on the Na(+)-K+ pump. The long-term regulation exerted by thyroid hormone and aldosterone is mediated by changes in gene expression. The short-term regulation exerted by catecholamines is mediated by reversible phosphorylation of the pump catalytic subunit. Recent evidence supports regulation of the pump by phosphorylation in vitro and in intact cells. Finally, in some tissues the rapid action of insulin, aldosterone, and carbachol involves changes in the subcellular distribution of pump units.
钠钾激活的三磷酸腺苷酶（Na(+)-K(+)-ATP酶；钠钾泵）是一种普遍存在于质膜上的酶，它催化钾离子进入细胞以交换钠离子。此外，它还为其他溶质（尤其是氨基酸、糖类和磷酸盐）的运输提供驱动力。多种组织中钠钾泵的调节受多种循环激素的控制，这些激素对其活性具有短期和长期的调控作用。激素改变钠钾泵活性的分子机制才刚刚开始研究。在这篇综述中，我们评估了多种激素（醛固酮、甲状腺激素、儿茶酚胺、胰岛素、卡巴胆碱）对钠钾泵的急性和长期作用。甲状腺激素和醛固酮施加的长期调节是由基因表达的变化介导的。儿茶酚胺施加的短期调节是由泵催化亚基的可逆磷酸化介导的。最近的证据支持在体外和完整细胞中通过磷酸化对泵进行调节。最后，在某些组织中，胰岛素、醛固酮和卡巴胆碱的快速作用涉及泵单位亚细胞分布的变化。
