Kopacz D J, Allen H W
Department of Anesthesiology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Anesth Analg. 1995 Sep;81(3):630-3. doi: 10.1097/00000539-199509000-00037.
Although many characteristics of needles used for spinal and epidural anesthesia have been studied extensively, the amount that a needle deviates from a straight path while passing through tissue has been relatively ignored. A laboratory model was used to determine the amount of needle deviation produced when different types of new spinal needles and epidural needles were passed through porcine tissue. Both needle point design and, to a lesser extent, needle gauge were found to influence the amount and direction of needle deviation. Deviation was found to be the least for the pencil-point spinal needles (Whitacre, Sprotte, Safetap, range 0.60-1.00 mm/50 mm tissue, analysis of variance (ANOVA) P < 0.001). Needles commonly used for epidural anesthesia (Tuohy, Hustead, Crawford) exhibited increased deviation (range 1.73-3.54 mm/50 mm tissue), although the largest amount was seen with beveled spinal needles (Quincke, Atraucan) (range 4.42-5.90 mm/50 mm tissue). The possible clinical significance of needle deviation during the performance of a regional anesthetic is discussed.
尽管用于脊髓和硬膜外麻醉的针的许多特性已得到广泛研究，但针在穿过组织时偏离直线路径的程度相对被忽视了。使用一个实验室模型来确定不同类型的新型脊髓针和硬膜外针穿过猪组织时产生的针偏离量。发现针尖设计以及较小程度上的针规格会影响针偏离的量和方向。发现铅笔尖脊髓针（Whitacre、Sprotte、Safetap，范围为0.60 - 1.00毫米/50毫米组织，方差分析（ANOVA）P < 0.001）的偏离最小。常用于硬膜外麻醉的针（Tuohy、Hustead、Crawford）表现出更大的偏离（范围为1.73 - 3.54毫米/50毫米组织），尽管斜面脊髓针（Quincke、Atraucan）的偏离量最大（范围为4.42 - 5.90毫米/50毫米组织）。讨论了区域麻醉操作过程中针偏离的可能临床意义。
