Paściak M, Stoll T M, Hefti F
Kliniki Ortopedii Uniwersytetu, Bazylei.
Chir Narzadow Ruchu Ortop Pol. 1994;59(4):279-83.
Sonography has been used to measure femoral and tibial torsion. Their normal values have been established in a series of 97 healthy children 6 and 15 years old. Tibial torsion has been found to be 18 degrees, femoral neck anteversion decreases 12 degrees between sixth and fifteenth year of age. Sonography proved to be a reproducible and precise method for torsional measurements of the tibia and femur.