Martínez-Liarte J H, Solano F, Lozano J A
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular e Immunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Murcia, Spain.
Pigment Cell Res. 1995 Apr;8(2):83-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1995.tb00646.x.
Penicillin and streptomycin, the most widely used antibiotics in mammalian cell cultures, caused a moderate stimulation in dopa oxidase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities, but a slight inactivation in the dopachrome tautomerase activity of B16/F10 melanoma cells at the routine concentration (100 units/ml penicillin and 100 micrograms/ml streptomycin) used for preventing bacterial growth in cultured animal cells. At these concentrations, tyrosinase activities and melanin content augmented with time during the first 24-48 hr. The opposite effect acted on cell viability. After withdrawal of the antibiotics from the culture medium, the recovery of melanogenic parameters to normal values was fully reached after few hours (around 10), and it was already noticeable as soon as 4 hr after removal. Other antibiotics used in cell culture, like kanamycin, gentamicin, and the antimicotic nystatin, exerted similar low effects at the recommended concentrations, always lower than two-fold and thus lower than those reported for amphotericin B. Taking into account these relatively low effects, and the high risk of contamination of mammalian cells culture without antibiotics, penicillin and streptomycin may still be routinely used in experiments leading to explore the melanogenic activity of malignant melanocytes in culture, unless very precise studies and strict conditions were needed.
青霉素和链霉素是哺乳动物细胞培养中使用最广泛的抗生素，在用于防止培养动物细胞中细菌生长的常规浓度（100单位/毫升青霉素和100微克/毫升链霉素）下，它们对B16/F10黑色素瘤细胞的多巴氧化酶和酪氨酸羟化酶活性有适度刺激作用，但对多巴色素互变异构酶活性有轻微的失活作用。在这些浓度下，在前24至48小时内，酪氨酸酶活性和黑色素含量随时间增加。相反的作用则作用于细胞活力。从培养基中撤除抗生素后，几个小时（约10小时）内黑色素生成参数就完全恢复到正常值，在撤除后4小时就已明显可见。细胞培养中使用的其他抗生素，如卡那霉素、庆大霉素和抗真菌药制霉菌素，在推荐浓度下也有类似的低效应，总是低于两倍，因此低于两性霉素B报道的效应。考虑到这些相对较低的效应，以及没有抗生素时哺乳动物细胞培养污染的高风险，除非需要非常精确的研究和严格的条件，否则青霉素和链霉素仍可常规用于探索培养的恶性黑色素细胞黑色素生成活性的实验中。
