Goic A
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile.
Rev Med Chil. 1994 Oct;122(10):1196-8.
Midwifery is one of the oldest professions. However, the first attempts to train midwives appeared only in the seventeenth century and the first maternities, that become training centers, arose in the eighteenth century. Legal Norms for training and practice of midwifery began to be dictated during nineteenth century in Holland, Scandinavia, Germany and France. It is thus noteworthy that a young country as Chile is celebrating the 160th anniversary of the School of Midwifery, one of the oldest in the world. After the Independence, Chile gave great impetus to education, numerous european professors were hired and the school of midwifery was founded in 1834 by Dr Lorenzo Sazie, a french surgeon and obstetrician. Due to its nature, midwife education must emphasize the ethical aspects of the profession. Since ancient times, midwives are committed with human life. Hebrew midwives Sifrá and Puá, disobeyed the Egyptian King's order to kill all male newborns, and were rewarded by god, as mentioned in the Old Testament. On the other hand, during the Obstetrics course opening in 1835, Dr Sazie underscored the ethical demands of the profession, exhorting students to be "mankind ministers".
助产术是最古老的职业之一。然而，首次培训助产士的尝试直到17世纪才出现，而最早成为培训中心的产科机构则出现在18世纪。19世纪，荷兰、斯堪的纳维亚、德国和法国开始制定助产术培训及实践的法律规范。因此，值得注意的是，像智利这样一个年轻的国家正在庆祝世界上最古老的助产学校之一成立160周年。独立后，智利大力推动教育发展，聘请了众多欧洲教授，1834年，法国外科医生兼产科医生洛伦佐·萨齐博士创办了助产学校。由于其性质，助产士教育必须强调该职业的道德层面。自古以来，助产士就肩负着保护人类生命的责任。正如《旧约》中所提到的，希伯来助产士西弗拉和普阿违抗了埃及国王杀死所有男婴的命令，并得到了上帝的奖赏。另一方面，在1835年开设产科课程时，萨齐博士强调了该职业的道德要求，劝诫学生成为“人类的守护者”。
