Laqueille X, Uribé M, Olié J P
Service hospitalo-universitaire, Centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, Paris.
Rev Prat. 1995 Jun 1;45(11):1359-63.
Drug addiction is a serious behavioral disorder. It is a long term evolving process characterized by dependency. It is not only biological and psychological but also social. It should be differentiated from occasional drug use, from drug abuse with minor consequences as well from medical drug dependency in which the individual does not seek a psychological effect. Drug addiction causes are multiple and include psychological, family, social and obviously biological factors (drug addicting potential). In to-day clinical practice, addiction to benzodiazepines or opioids prescribed for maintenance therapy and the newly described secondary addiction of later onset are predominant. Severe social consequences and many psychiatric and medical disorders in particular due to HIV infection also result from drug addiction. Depressive and psychotic disorders cause specific therapeutic problems when patients deny their troubles or when drug use produces special relief. These psychological disorders frequently underlie medical care needs.
药物成瘾是一种严重的行为障碍。它是一个以依赖为特征的长期演变过程。它不仅涉及生物学和心理学因素，还涉及社会因素。它应与偶尔吸毒、后果轻微的药物滥用以及个体并非寻求心理效应的药物医学依赖相区分。药物成瘾的成因是多方面的，包括心理、家庭、社会因素以及显然的生物学因素（药物成瘾潜力）。在当今的临床实践中，对用于维持治疗的苯二氮䓬类药物或阿片类药物的成瘾以及新描述的迟发性继发性成瘾较为常见。药物成瘾还会导致严重的社会后果以及许多精神和医学疾病，尤其是由艾滋病毒感染引起的疾病。当患者否认自己的问题或药物使用带来特殊缓解时，抑郁和精神病性障碍会引发特定的治疗问题。这些心理障碍常常是医疗需求的潜在原因。
