Victora C G, Grassi P R, Schmidt A M
Departamento de Medicina Social da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 1994 Dec;28(6):423-32. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89101994000600006.
Although vital statistics are of paramount importance for health planning and program evaluation, few Brazilian states have vital registration systems with either sufficient coverage or agility to achieve these goals. The present analyses, based on data from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, describes time trends and the geographical distribution of infant and child health indicators, including infant mortality rates, proportionate infant mortality, low birthweight and vaccine coverage. From 1980 to 1992, marked reductions were observed for the infant mortality rate (from 39.0 to 19.3 per thousand) and in proportionate infant mortality (from 13.9% to 5.9% of all deaths). On the other hand, the prevalence of low birthweight remained stable between 8 and 10%, with a slight increase up to 1991. DPT vaccine coverage oscillated from year to year, ranging from 79 to 99%. There was close geographical correlation between the indices of low birthweight and infant mortality in the 17 health districts. The four indicators were combined into a single score for the purpose of identifying those health districts with the greater need for intervention. The southern districts, characterized by large land holdings presented the worst health indicators.
尽管生命统计数据对于卫生规划和项目评估至关重要，但巴西很少有州拥有覆盖范围足够或具备灵活性以实现这些目标的生命登记系统。本分析基于南里奥格兰德州的数据，描述了婴儿和儿童健康指标的时间趋势及地理分布，包括婴儿死亡率、比例婴儿死亡率、低体重儿和疫苗接种覆盖率。1980年至1992年期间，婴儿死亡率（从每千人39.0降至19.3）和比例婴儿死亡率（从所有死亡人数的13.9%降至5.9%）显著下降。另一方面，低体重儿的患病率在8%至10%之间保持稳定，到1991年略有上升。百白破疫苗接种覆盖率逐年波动，在79%至99%之间。在17个卫生区，低体重儿指数与婴儿死亡率之间存在密切的地理相关性。为了确定那些最需要干预的卫生区，将这四个指标合并为一个单一分数。以大片土地为特征的南部地区呈现出最差的健康指标。
