Victora C G, Barros F C, Tomasi E, Ferreira F S, MacAuliffe J, Silva A C, Andrade F M, Wilhelm L, Barca V, Santana S
Departamento de Medicina Social, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
Rev Saude Publica. 1991 Jun;25(3):218-25. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89101991000300009.
No reliable data are available from most Brazilian states for a number of child health indicators, such as nutritional status, breast feeding, vaccine coverage, incidence and management of infectious diseases, and coverage of antenatal and perinatal services. However a methodology has been developed for state-wide, community-based health surveys for the obtaining of such information, which was recently applied in studies of representative samples of children from the states of Ceará, Sergipe and Rio Grande do Norte in Northeastern Brazil. The present report describes the key aspects of this methodology and some of the main findings. These results point out to the need for promoting breast feeding, increasing vaccine coverage, improving diarrhoea management with oral rehydration therapy and investing in antenatal and perinatal care, as well as in growth monitoring. They also show that child survival activities are paradoxically concentrated on higher-income, lower risk children. Besides contributing to the planning and evaluation of health programs, community-based child health surveys provide baseline data against which future progress may be ascertained.
巴西大多数州没有关于一些儿童健康指标的可靠数据，这些指标包括营养状况、母乳喂养、疫苗接种率、传染病的发病率及管理，以及产前和围产期服务的覆盖情况。不过，现已开发出一种用于全州范围基于社区的健康调查方法，以获取此类信息，该方法最近应用于对巴西东北部塞阿拉州、塞尔希培州和北里奥格兰德州儿童代表性样本的研究。本报告描述了该方法的关键方面以及一些主要研究结果。这些结果表明，有必要推广母乳喂养、提高疫苗接种率、通过口服补液疗法改善腹泻管理，并在产前和围产期护理以及生长监测方面进行投资。它们还表明，儿童生存活动反常地集中在高收入、低风险儿童身上。基于社区的儿童健康调查除了有助于卫生项目的规划和评估外，还提供了可据此确定未来进展的基线数据。
