Whitlock M C
ICAPB, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
Theor Popul Biol. 1995 Aug;48(1):44-64. doi: 10.1006/tpbi.1995.1021.
A set of two-locus descent measures are derived for loci on sex-linked and autosomal loci, with a population structure which includes finite population size, migration, and extinction and recolonization. Two-locus descent measures which involve sex chromosomes increase much faster with inbreeding than those for autosomes. For loose recombination, the two-locus descent measures are shown to be closely approximated by the product of the appropriate one-locus measures. The distribution and partitioning of variance within and among populations is derived, including additive-by-additive epistatic genetic variance. The variance among populations available to group selection is much higher in the homogametic sex with epistasis involving sex chromosomes or haplodiploids. The amount of additive genetic variance within populations due to sex chromosomes or haplodiploids can be significantly increased as a result of population bottlenecks and the conversion of epistatic genetic variance. The proportion of epistatic genetic variance which is converted to additive variance is greater in the homogametic sex than in the heterogametic sex, by as much as a factor of 2.
针对性连锁和常染色体位点，推导了一组双位点世系度量，其群体结构包括有限群体大小、迁移、灭绝和重新定殖。涉及性染色体的双位点世系度量随近亲繁殖的增加速度比常染色体的快得多。对于松散重组，双位点世系度量显示与适当的一位点度量的乘积密切近似。推导了群体内和群体间方差的分布和划分，包括加性×加性上位性遗传方差。在涉及性染色体或单倍二倍体的上位性情况下，可供群体选择的群体间方差在同配性别中要高得多。由于群体瓶颈和上位性遗传方差的转化，性染色体或单倍二倍体导致的群体内加性遗传方差量可显著增加。同配性别中转化为加性方差的上位性遗传方差比例比异配性别大，高达2倍。
