Yassi A, Khokhar J, Tate R, Cooper J, Snow C, Vallentyne S
Department of Community Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
Occup Med (Lond). 1995 Aug;45(4):215-20. doi: 10.1093/occmed/45.4.215.
Two years of prospective data on 416 back injuries were gathered at a 1100-bed acute and tertiary care hospital to assist target prevention efforts. The rate of injury among 1645 nurses was found to be highest for those working on orthopaedic, medicine, neurology, spinal and surgery wards, indicating priorities for prevention. In fact, 51% of the orthopaedic nurses sustained at least one back injury during the two-year period. Gender did not significantly affect the risk of back injury; however, injuries were slightly more common in nurses with less seniority and younger nurses were found to be at significantly increased risk of back injury. Almost 63% of the back injuries which occurred in nurses working 8 h shifts on the high-risk wards occurred during the first two hours of the shift. Lifting and transferring patients with assistance were the two most common mechanisms for back injury (22.6% and 23.3%, respectively). In total, injured nurses attributed 52.3% of their injuries to inadequate training; inadequate staffing was given as the primary reason for 13.8% of the injuries. The results suggest that training in the indications for and use of mechanical devices for lifting/transferring patients requires intensification, and a 'warm-up' period should also be considered in the face of injuries occurring early in the shift if work activities cannot be evenly planned.
在一家拥有1100张床位的急症和三级护理医院收集了416例背部损伤的两年前瞻性数据，以协助开展针对性预防工作。研究发现，在1645名护士中，在骨科、内科、神经科、脊柱科和外科病房工作的护士受伤率最高，这表明了预防工作的重点。事实上，51%的骨科护士在两年期间至少遭受过一次背部损伤。性别对背部受伤风险没有显著影响；然而，资历较浅的护士受伤略为常见，而且年轻护士背部受伤风险显著增加。在高危病房轮值8小时的护士发生的背部损伤中，近63%发生在轮值的头两个小时内。在他人协助下抬举和转移患者是背部受伤的两个最常见原因（分别为22.6%和23.3%）。受伤护士总共将52.3%的损伤归因于培训不足；13.8%的损伤主要原因是人员配备不足。结果表明，需要加强关于抬举/转移患者的机械装置的使用指征和培训，如果工作活动无法均匀安排，考虑到轮值早期发生的损伤，还应设立一个“热身”期。
