Martinez A R, Zinaman M J, Jennings V H, Lamprecht V M
Instituto de Medicina Reproductiva, Fundación SAMEN, Mendosa, Argentina.
Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud. 1995 May-Jun;40(3):139-55.
The occurrence and duration of the fertile period in women are strictly related to the time of ovulation. Since the only positive confirmation of ovulation is the identification of an ovum in the female reproductive tract or the subsequent detection of a pregnancy, the prediction and detection of its occurrence have to be based on markers or indicators that lie at varying physiological distances from ovulation itself. These may be variations in hormones and other substances that can be detected in different body fluids or the evidence of their effects on specific target organs. Recent advances in the knowledge of reproductive physiology have allowed the identification of distinct substances and biological phenomena that accompany the occurrence of the fertile period. This article is intended to update and classify the available fertility markers based on their particular nature and modality of expression and, additionally, consider the temporal relationship between the appearance of their specific signals and the time of ovulation. Consequently, those indicators directly related to changes at the ovarian level were defined as direct markers, including ovarian morphology, the reproductive hormones, and the intraovarian regulatory proteins, whereas those reflecting variations observed in different target organs were considered indirect markers, and were further qualified as biochemical, biophysical, and clinical. Subsequently, fertility markers were classified as prospective, immediate, or retrospective, depending on whether they allow the prediction, detection, or confirmation of the ovulatory event, respectively.
女性排卵期的出现及持续时间与排卵时间密切相关。由于排卵的唯一确切确认是在女性生殖道中发现卵子或随后检测到怀孕，因此排卵发生的预测和检测必须基于与排卵本身在不同生理距离的标志物或指标。这些可能是在不同体液中可检测到的激素和其他物质的变化，或者是它们对特定靶器官影响的证据。生殖生理学知识的最新进展使得能够识别出与排卵期出现相关的独特物质和生物现象。本文旨在根据现有生育标志物的特殊性质和表达方式进行更新和分类，并另外考虑其特定信号出现与排卵时间之间的时间关系。因此，那些与卵巢水平变化直接相关的指标被定义为直接标志物，包括卵巢形态、生殖激素和卵巢内调节蛋白，而那些反映在不同靶器官中观察到的变化的指标被视为间接标志物，并进一步分为生化、生物物理和临床标志物。随后，生育标志物根据它们是否分别允许对排卵事件进行预测、检测或确认，被分类为前瞻性、即时性或回顾性标志物。
