Luksamijarulkul P, Pumsuwan V, Pungchitton S
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1994 Dec;25(4):633-7.
Safe water is essential for good health of humans. The contamination of water with infected fecal material is common in areas with poor standards of hygiene and sanitation. The determination of microbiological quality of water is essential. Simple routine testing of the bacteriological quality of drinking water is designed to detect the presence of coliform bacteria and virological assessment is to detect the presence of enteric viruses, especially hepatitis A virus (HAV). Therefore, this study attempted to determine the HAV and coliform bacteria contamination in drinking water and using water of a Chao Phya River community, Bangkok where crowded living conditions increase the risk of water-related diseases. 95 samples of drinking water and 75 samples of used water in containers were collected with sterile technique for determining HAV antigen by ELISA and coliform contamination by the Most Probable Number Technique (MPN). The results revealed that HAV and coliform contamination rates of drinking water were 25.26% and 64.21%, respectively. The rain water had the highest contamination (60.00% and 80.00%). Tap water was 23.73% for HAV (14/59 samples) and 64.41% for coliforms (38/59 samples) whereas running water had the least contamination (2.94% for HAV and 5.88% for coliforms). The contamination rates of used water were 10.69% for HAV and 68.67% for coliforms.
安全的饮用水对人类的健康至关重要。在卫生和环境卫生标准较差的地区，水被受感染的粪便物质污染的情况很常见。确定水的微生物质量至关重要。简单的饮用水细菌学质量常规检测旨在检测大肠菌群的存在，而病毒学评估则是检测肠道病毒的存在，尤其是甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）。因此，本研究试图确定曼谷湄南河社区饮用水和生活用水中甲型肝炎病毒和大肠菌群的污染情况，该社区拥挤的生活条件增加了与水相关疾病的风险。采用无菌技术采集了95份饮用水样本和75份容器中的生活用水样本，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）测定甲型肝炎病毒抗原，采用最大可能数技术（MPN）测定大肠菌群污染情况。结果显示，饮用水中甲型肝炎病毒和大肠菌群的污染率分别为25.26%和64.21%。雨水的污染率最高（分别为60.00%和80.00%）。自来水的甲型肝炎病毒污染率为23.73%（59份样本中有14份），大肠菌群污染率为64.41%（59份样本中有38份），而流水的污染率最低（甲型肝炎病毒为2.94%，大肠菌群为5.88%）。生活用水的甲型肝炎病毒污染率为10.69%，大肠菌群污染率为68.67%。
