Hall D, Suboski M D
Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 1995 May;63(3):229-40. doi: 10.1006/nlme.1995.1027.
Alarm reactions, innately organized antipredator defensive behavior, are precipitated in zebra danio fish (Brachydanio rerio) by a pheromone, alarm substance, passively exuded from injured skin of conspecific fish. Control over inducement of alarm reactions from fish can be transferred to other stimuli that do not initially provoke alarm. This was first found when an olfactory stimulus (morpholine) presented to fish together with alarm substance elicited alarm behavior from the fish and transformed morpholine into a learned elicitor of alarm from the fish. We observed similar behavior here where fish learned to react to an initially neutral visual stimulus (red light). We also confirmed earlier findings of social transmission of predator recognition by zebra danios. Fish trained to alarm react to light and morpholine were mixed with completely naive fish and tested with light and morpholine alone. All fish in the combined group displayed alarm. The naive fish, separated out and retested with light and morpholine, also exhibited alarm. Thus, the naive fish, never exposed to alarm pheromone, nevertheless learned to recognize predator cues that were socially transmitted by conspecific behavior.
警报反应是一种天生的反捕食者防御行为，在斑马鱼（Brachydanio rerio）中，由一种从同种受伤皮肤被动渗出的信息素——警报物质引发。对鱼类警报反应诱导的控制可以转移到其他最初不会引发警报的刺激上。这一现象最早是在将嗅觉刺激物（吗啉）与警报物质一起呈现给鱼类时发现的，此时鱼类会表现出警报行为，并且吗啉也变成了一种能让鱼类产生习得性警报反应的刺激物。我们在此观察到了类似的行为，即鱼类学会了对最初中性的视觉刺激（红光）做出反应。我们还证实了斑马鱼对捕食者识别的社会传播这一早期发现。将经过训练对光和吗啉产生警报反应的鱼与完全未接触过的鱼混合，并分别用光和吗啉进行测试。混合组中的所有鱼都表现出警报反应。将未接触过的鱼分离出来，再次用光和吗啉进行测试，它们也表现出警报反应。因此，这些从未接触过警报信息素的未接触过的鱼，通过同种行为的社会传播，学会了识别捕食者线索。
