Ohbuchi K, Ohno T, Mukai H
Department of Psychology, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
J Soc Psychol. 1993 Apr;133(2):243-53. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1993.9712142.
On the basis of the familiarity-empathy assumption that self-disclosure evokes empathy for the speaker, it was predicted that a victim's self-disclosure would inhibit aggression against the victim. Female Japanese subjects were asked to give electric shocks to a female victim who disclosed information about herself, was not given an opportunity to do so, or rejected disclosure. Independently of self-disclosure, another empathy arousal was introduced, that is, whether or not the victim expressed her fear of shocks before they were delivered. Consistent with our hypothesis, subjects selected less severe shocks when the victim disclosed information about herself than when she was not given an opportunity to do so or when she rejected self-disclosure. The victim's expression of fear was also very effective in reducing subjects' aggression, suggesting that drawing subjects' attention to the victim's negative emotional state evoked empathy for her and reduced their aggression.
基于自我表露会唤起对说话者的同理心这一熟悉度-同理心假设，研究预测受害者的自我表露会抑制针对该受害者的攻击行为。日本女性受试者被要求对一名女性受害者实施电击，该受害者要么透露了关于自己的信息，要么没有机会这样做，要么拒绝透露。与自我表露无关，还引入了另一种同理心唤起方式，即受害者在电击实施前是否表达了她对电击的恐惧。与我们的假设一致，当受害者透露自己的信息时，受试者选择的电击强度低于她没有机会这样做或拒绝自我表露时。受害者表达恐惧在减少受试者的攻击行为方面也非常有效，这表明让受试者关注受害者的负面情绪状态会唤起对她的同理心并减少他们的攻击行为。
