Wyer R S, Bodenhausen G V, Gorman T F
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985 Feb;48(2):324-38.
Subjects were exposed to slides that primed different concepts associated with aggression, close personal interactions between men and women, and women as sex objects. Then, as part of an ostensibly unrelated study, they read the testimonies of several rape victims and made judgments concerning both the victim and the alleged rapist. Exposure to negative consequences of aggression apparently threatened subjects' beliefs in a just world, leading subjects to interpret rape incidents in ways that reaffirm this belief (i.e., it strengthened subjects' beliefs that the defendant should be punished, but it also caused them to attribute more responsibility for the incident to the victim). Portrayals of close personal relationships between men and women increased male subjects' beliefs that rape victims were responsible for the incident, but had the opposite effect on female subjects' beliefs. Portrayals of women as sex objects decreased male subjects' beliefs in the victim's credibility and increased their beliefs that she was responsible for the incident; however, it had the opposite effects on female subjects' judgments. Despite their effects on judgments of the rape victim, priming manipulations did not affect beliefs that the defendant should be convicted. Implications of these results for the effects of the public media on attitudes and beliefs about rape are discussed.
研究对象观看了一些幻灯片，这些幻灯片引发了与攻击性、男女之间亲密的个人互动以及将女性视为性对象等不同概念。然后，作为一项表面上无关的研究的一部分，他们阅读了几名强奸受害者的证词，并对受害者和被指控的强奸犯做出判断。接触攻击性的负面后果显然威胁到了研究对象对公正世界的信念，导致他们以重申这种信念的方式来解读强奸事件（即，这强化了研究对象认为被告应受惩罚的信念，但也使他们将事件的更多责任归咎于受害者）。对男女之间亲密个人关系的描绘增加了男性研究对象认为强奸受害者对事件负有责任的信念，但对女性研究对象的信念产生了相反的影响。将女性描绘成性对象降低了男性研究对象对受害者可信度的信念，并增加了他们认为她对事件负有责任的信念；然而，这对女性研究对象的判断产生了相反的影响。尽管启动操作对强奸受害者的判断有影响，但它们并未影响认为被告应被定罪的信念。讨论了这些结果对大众媒体对强奸态度和信念影响的启示。
