Sternfeld B, Quesenberry C P, Eskenazi B, Newman L A
Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program of Northern California, Oakland, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 May;27(5):634-40.
To investigate the effects of participation in aerobic exercise on pregnancy outcome, 388 women (mean age = 31.7, range = 18-42) were followed from a mean 16.5-wk gestation through delivery. Frequency, duration, and mode of aerobic exercise prior to conception and during the first trimester were determined by in-person interviews. Activity patterns during the second and third trimesters were assessed by telephone interviews. For each time period, women were categorized into one of the following exercise groups: Level I = aerobic exercise, excluding vigorous walking, at least three times a week for at least 20 min a time; Level II = aerobic exercise at least three times a week and 20 min at a time, if and only if vigorous walking is included; Level III = aerobic exercise less than three times a week, 20 min a time; and Level IV = aerobic exercise less than once a week. Mean birthweight was statistically unrelated to level of exercise preconceptionally or in any trimester. Gestational age, weight gain, and other pregnancy outcomes were also unassociated with exercise level. However, pregnancy symptoms were inversely associated with level of exercise; women who exercised more earlier in pregnancy reported fewer discomforts later in pregnancy (P = 0.01). These data suggest that participation in aerobic exercise during pregnancy at a level great enough to produce or maintain a training effect does not adversely affect birthweight or other maternal and infant outcomes but may be associated temporally with fewer perceived pregnancy-associated discomforts.
为研究参与有氧运动对妊娠结局的影响，对388名女性（平均年龄 = 31.7岁，范围 = 18 - 42岁）进行了从平均妊娠16.5周直至分娩的随访。通过面对面访谈确定孕前及孕早期有氧运动的频率、时长和方式。孕中期和孕晚期的活动模式通过电话访谈进行评估。对于每个时间段，女性被分为以下运动组之一：I级 = 有氧运动（不包括快走），每周至少三次，每次至少20分钟；II级 = 有氧运动，每周至少三次，每次20分钟，且仅当包括快走时；III级 = 有氧运动，每周少于三次，每次20分钟；IV级 = 有氧运动，每周少于一次。平均出生体重在统计学上与孕前或任何孕期的运动水平无关。孕周、体重增加及其他妊娠结局也与运动水平无关。然而，妊娠症状与运动水平呈负相关；孕期较早进行较多运动的女性在妊娠后期报告的不适较少（P = 0.01）。这些数据表明，孕期参与足以产生或维持训练效果水平的有氧运动不会对出生体重或其他母婴结局产生不利影响，但可能在时间上与较少的妊娠相关不适相关。
