Declerck D, Vinckier F, Matterne N, Van Limbergen E
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Tandheelkunde, Mondziekten en Kaakchirurgie, Afdeling Conserverende Tandheelkunde.
Rev Belge Med Dent (1984). 1995;50(1):47-67.
Radiotherapy involving the oral cavity and salivary glands induces a wide range of alterations in oral tissues and salivary gland functions which may result in oral side effects. Some of these are inevitable and transient such as radiation mucositis, some however may be permanent such as xerostomia. Others however are preventable, and are caused by poor radiation techniques, application of excessive radiation doses or lack of necessary preventive measures. Frequent complications in these patients are development of caries, dental hypersensitivity, rapidly progressive periodontal disease and loss of taste. Occasionally, trismus and osteoradionecrosis may develop. Careful treatment planning before start of radiotherapy with adequate dosimetry and careful shielding of the healthy tissues as well as close monitoring of the oral cavity with strict application of preventive measures (dental care protocol) can significantly reduce the incidence of these complications. The private practitioner should keep in mind the life-long precautions that are necessary when treating these patients.
涉及口腔和唾液腺的放射治疗会在口腔组织和唾液腺功能方面引发广泛改变，这可能导致口腔副作用。其中一些副作用是不可避免且短暂的，比如放射性黏膜炎，然而有些可能是永久性的，比如口干症。不过，其他一些副作用是可以预防的，是由不良放射技术、过高放射剂量的应用或缺乏必要预防措施导致的。这些患者常见的并发症有龋齿、牙齿过敏、快速进展的牙周病和味觉丧失。偶尔还可能出现牙关紧闭和放射性骨坏死。在放疗开始前进行仔细的治疗计划，包括适当的剂量测定、对健康组织的仔细屏蔽，以及通过严格实施预防措施（口腔护理方案）对口腔进行密切监测，可显著降低这些并发症的发生率。私人执业医生在治疗这些患者时应牢记必要的终身预防措施。
