Schlierf G, Volkert D, Oster P
Geriatrisches Zentrum Bethanien, Heidelberg.
Ther Umsch. 1995 Aug;52(8):519-23.
A balanced diet before one gets old is relevant for the prevention of the diseases of affluence in old age. With decreasing physical activity the energy requirement decreases, and foods with high nutrient density are required to still supply all essential nutrients. Thirst may become a poor guide to sufficient fluid intake, which should be maintained by good drinking habits. As a consequence of disease or functional impairments, malnutrition may develop. Weight loss and anorexia are warning signals. Risk factors for malnutrition should be known and, if possible, eliminated. A poor nutritional status in the elderly increases morbidity and mortality: good nutrition in the last decades, on the other hand, is an important determinant of the quality of life.
在年老之前保持均衡饮食对于预防老年富贵病至关重要。随着身体活动的减少，能量需求降低，因此需要高营养密度的食物来持续提供所有必需营养素。口渴可能不再是足够液体摄入量的良好指标，充足的液体摄入应通过良好的饮水习惯来维持。由于疾病或功能障碍，可能会出现营养不良。体重减轻和食欲不振是警示信号。应了解营养不良的风险因素，并尽可能消除这些因素。老年人营养状况不佳会增加发病率和死亡率；另一方面，过去几十年良好的营养状况是生活质量的重要决定因素。
