Khan M A, Qazi S A, Rehman G N, Bari A
Children's Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad.
Ann Trop Paediatr. 1993;13(1):73-8. doi: 10.1080/02724936.1993.11747627.
During a community-based study in four rural villages in Pakistan, 617 cases of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children younger than 5 years of age were assessed, classified and managed according to the WHO ARI case management guidelines. Of these, 509 (82.5%) had 'cough and cold' without clinical evidence of pneumonia, 95 pneumonia, two severe pneumonia and 11 otitis media. Of the 509 without clinical evidence of pneumonia but with cough and cold, 491 (96.5%) were successfully treated without antibiotics and only 18 (3.5%) of these children needed antimicrobial therapy on follow-up. Of the 95 cases of pneumonia, 87 (91.4%) showed a satisfactory clinical response to oral cotrimoxazole and only eight (8.4%) required a change of antibiotic.
在巴基斯坦四个乡村开展的一项社区研究中，依据世界卫生组织的急性呼吸道感染病例管理指南，对617例5岁以下儿童的急性呼吸道感染病例进行了评估、分类和处理。其中，509例（82.5%）为“咳嗽和感冒”，无肺炎临床证据，95例为肺炎，2例为重症肺炎，11例为中耳炎。在509例无肺炎临床证据但有咳嗽和感冒症状的病例中，491例（96.5%）未经抗生素治疗即成功治愈，这些儿童中只有18例（3.5%）在随访时需要抗菌治疗。在95例肺炎病例中，87例（91.4%）对口服复方新诺明显示出满意的临床反应，只有8例（8.4%）需要更换抗生素。
