Armstrong F D, Seidel J F, Swales T P
Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami School of Medicine.
J Learn Disabil. 1993 Feb;26(2):92-103. doi: 10.1177/002221949302600202.
Pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection will soon be the primary infectious cause of perinatally acquired developmental disabilities in the United States. HIV encephalopathy and a variety of opportunistic infections, neoplasms, and vascular changes associated with pediatric HIV infection create a high probability of neuropsychological impairment among preschool and school-age children infected perinatally. Although the use of antiretrovirals may moderate some of the functional difficulties faced by these children, specific neuropathological and neuropsychological deficits are likely to remain. Treatments that prevent the central nervous system (CNS) effects of HIV have yet to be identified. As the epidemic progresses among women of child-bearing age, well-controlled developmental studies are needed to further clarify the relationship between HIV and child development, and to aid professionals in developing appropriate, school-based educational plans.
小儿获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染很快将成为美国围产期获得性发育障碍的主要感染原因。HIV脑病以及与小儿HIV感染相关的各种机会性感染、肿瘤和血管变化，使得围产期感染的学龄前和学龄儿童出现神经心理损害的可能性很高。尽管使用抗逆转录病毒药物可能会缓解这些儿童面临的一些功能困难，但特定的神经病理学和神经心理学缺陷可能仍然存在。尚未确定能预防HIV对中枢神经系统（CNS）影响的治疗方法。随着育龄妇女中这一流行病的发展，需要进行严格控制的发育研究，以进一步阐明HIV与儿童发育之间的关系，并帮助专业人员制定合适的、基于学校的教育计划。
