Cloning and functional analysis of the mouse c-kit promoter.

The c-kit protooncogene encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor expressed during ontogeny and adult life by several important and developmentally distinct cell lineages. Mice carrying germ line c-kit mutations exhibit deficiencies in most of these lineages, demonstrating that c-kit function is necessary for their normal development. To facilitate the identification of cis-acting elements which regulate tissue-specific c-kit expression, we cloned and characterized a mouse c-kit promoter which is functional in different cell types. A major c-kit transcription initiation site (TIS), located 58 bp upstream from the translation initiation codon, is utilized in mouse mast cells and in c-kit-positive cells in the mouse cerebellum. The effects of deletions in the 5' flanking region on reporter gene activity identify three short regulatory regions which function in both mouse and human c-kit positive cell lines. The nucleotide sequence of this region does not include CCAAT or TATA boxes but contains consensus binding sites for Sp1, Ap-2 and several short GA-rich elements which resemble binding sites for the ETS-domain proteins.