Wirth M P
Department of Urology, Medical School, Dresden, Germany.
Urol Clin North Am. 1993 May;20(2):283-95.
Immunotherapy with autologous tumor cells, tumor cell vaccines, and immune RNA did not become established in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma, as the response rates were low, and in some investigations, no response at all could be detected. In the past, cytokines such as interferons, IL-2, and TNF have been tested on a large scale in the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma. However, the rates of objective remission (partial and complete) are disappointing, only rarely exceeding 20%. Up to now, longer survival could not be demonstrated in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma after treatment with cytokines. The combination of IFN-alpha and IL-2 by subcutaneous administration appears to provide results similar to those of other treatment modalities with lower morbidity. However, because generally accepted treatment schedules for cytokine therapy do not exist, and because the patients who would profit most from treatment with cytokines cannot be exactly defined, the administration of these agents is indicated at present only in the context of prospective clinical trials.
自体肿瘤细胞、肿瘤细胞疫苗和免疫RNA免疫疗法在肾细胞癌治疗中尚未确立，因为缓解率较低，而且在一些研究中根本检测不到反应。过去，干扰素、白细胞介素-2和肿瘤坏死因子等细胞因子已在晚期肾细胞癌治疗中进行了大规模试验。然而，客观缓解率（部分缓解和完全缓解）令人失望，很少超过20%。到目前为止，细胞因子治疗后晚期肾细胞癌患者的生存期并未延长。皮下注射干扰素-α和白细胞介素-2的联合治疗似乎能产生与其他治疗方式相似的效果，且发病率较低。然而，由于不存在普遍认可的细胞因子治疗方案，而且无法确切界定哪些患者能从细胞因子治疗中获益最大，因此目前仅在前瞻性临床试验的背景下才建议使用这些药物。
